Coacain Vaccine Closer to Reality

Nothing says drug addiction more than a needle and syringe. But that's exactly what a team of U.S. researchers believes can help cocaine users kick their menacing habit.

Two Baylor College of Medicine scientists based in Houston have developed a cocaine vaccine that creates antibodies that bind to the drug and prevent it from travelling from the bloodstream to the brain. The vaccine stimulates the immune system to attack cocaine molecules after the drug is consumed. The system, which is not able to recognise the drug naturally, can not produce antibodies against them.

Unable to penetrate the brain, the drug can produce no high.

If the vaccine makes it through regulatory hurdles, it would be the first medication approved to treat cocaine addiction.

“It certainly is a way of combining immunology that had not been used before,” Tom Kosten, a professor of psychiatry and neuroscience at Baylor, said in a telephone interview yesterday. “We had always thought of altering the brain as a way to prevent drug abuse. This way, the drug never gets into the brain to begin with.”

Drug addiction treatment has largely been psychiatric counselling and 12-step programs. Dr. Kosten said that won't go away – any approved vaccine would be complementary to behavioural therapy.

“If it's approved in the U.S., then getting approval in Canada won't be that difficult,” he said, adding that, if all goes well, a cocaine vaccine could be available in the United States in four years.

About 50 pharmaceutical options have previously been explored for cocaine addiction.

Cardinal Health Gets Controlled-Substance Suspension

Drug wholesaler Cardinal Health Inc. (CAH) has notified customers that the U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency suspended the company's license to distribute controlled substances from a third distribution center.

The Dublin, Ohio, company wrote to customers of its Swedesboro, N.J., pharmaceutical-distribution center last week that the DEA would suspend the license to distribute controlled substances from that facility effective Dec. 13.

Cardinal didn't issue a news release about the latest suspension, which followed its recent announcements that the DEA was suspending its licenses to distribute controlled substances from centers in Auburn, Wash., and Lakeland, Fla.

The company operates a network of 25 pharmaceutical-distribution centers.

The DEA, in an order to Cardinal suspending the Auburn license, said the company had failed to maintain effective controls against the diversion of a particular controlled substance, and cited the sale of hydrocodone to a pharmacy that allegedly dispensed excessive amounts of the drug based on illegitimate Internet prescriptions.

An updated version of Cardinal's letter to its Auburn customers says the company cannot distribute any products containing ephedrine, pseudoephedrine or iodine from that center.

In its recent letter to Swedesboro center customers, Cardinal said: "We are cooperating fully with the DEA in an effort to address the DEA's concerns and resolve the suspension. Cardinal Health also is implementing near- and long-term enhancements in our controls that guard against theft and distribution to pharmacies engaged in diversion."

Cardinal said it was making arrangements to fill customer orders for controlled substances from some of its other distribution centers.

News Source

Stress family environment may spark early puberty in girls

While a stressful family environment in childhood has long been blamed for various psychological effects later in life, new research suggests that hostile situations at home may also have big physical implications for young girls.

In a study released Thursday, researchers at the University of Arizona and the University of Wisconsin-Madison looked at families of 227 preschool children, following them as they progressed through middle school. Specifically, the researchers looked for the first hormonal signs of puberty in these children.

What they found was that parental support -- or lack of it -- may partially determine at what age young girls hit puberty. Specifically, young girls with families who were more supportive in preschool years tended to hit puberty later than their counterparts in less supportive family environments.

The research stops short of drawing a bold link between early stress and early puberty, as factors such as family income and other environmental factors may also be at play. But lead study author Bruce Ellis said that while it is still too early for parents to make solid conclusions based on the evidence, the findings hint at an interesting evolutionary link between sexual maturation and stress.

"Children adjust their development to match the environments in which they live," said Ellis, an associate professor in the Division of Family Studies and Human Development at the University of Arizona in Tucson.

"Children who grow up in environments that are dangerous and unpredictable tend to grow up faster," he said. "In the world in which humans evolved, danger and uncertainty meant a shorter lifespan, and going into puberty earlier in this context increased chances of surviving, reproducing and passing on your genes."

Source

Drug research center launch speeded up

The Food and Drug Administration is moving with unprecedented speed to launch a drug research center to be paid for by companies it regulates.

The goal of the Reagan-Udall Foundation, approved by Congress and signed into law late last month, is to streamline and improve the development of drugs and medical devices, a goal long sought by regulators and the biggest players in the industry, such as Merck & Co. Inc., Pfizer Inc., Wyeth, GlaxoSmithKline PLC and Johnson & Johnson.

At a time when the FDA's reputation has been battered by perceptions that it is lax on some safety issues and too cozy with drug makers, consumer advocates say the loosely defined partnership increases the agency's vulnerability to industry clout despite its promise of groundbreaking success. It's an ambitious undertaking that puts regulators and companies in a relationship unlike that of any other industry.

Read more from source

China recalls tainted leukemia drugs

Chinese authorities ordered the recall of tainted leukemia drugs blamed for leg pains and other problems, state media reported Sunday, the latest crisis to strike the country's embattled food and drug industries.

Most of the drugs involved — methotrexate and cytarabin hydrochloride — have been recovered and authorities have traced the remainder, the Xinhua News Agency said. The report did not say if any of the drugs had been exported.

Authorities have banned the sale and distribution of the drugs, produced by the Shanghai Hualian Pharmaceutical Co., it said.

China, a major global supplier, has been facing growing international pressure to improve the quality of its exports after dangerous toxins — from lead to an antifreeze ingredient — were found in goods including toys and toothpaste.

China has been eager to cast itself as a victim, too, of unsafe imports. Xinhua on Saturday announced that inspectors recently found residue of the banned stimulant ractopamine in frozen pig kidneys imported from the United States and frozen pork spareribs from Canada. The names of the exporting companies were not identified. Ractopamine is forbidden for use as veterinary medicine in China.

RA Drugs Linked to Slight Skin Cancer Risk

People taking rheumatoid arthritis drugs such as etanercept (Enbrel) or infliximab (Remicade) may be at a slightly increased risk for skin cancer, researchers report.

However, the risk is probably not significant enough to outweigh the benefits of these drugs, the researchers said.

These so-called biologic treatments work by blocking tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), which previous studies had found to be linked with increased risk of skin, lung and blood cancers.

"The risk of skin cancer is marginally increased among people with rheumatoid arthritis," said lead researcher Dr. Frederick Wolfe, a clinical professor of internal medicine at the University of Kansas School of Medicine. "But it's nothing that anybody should be worried about," he added.

For the study, Wolfe and his colleagues collected data on 13,001 patients with rheumatoid arthritis included in the National Data Bank for Rheumatic Diseases and the U.S. National Cancer Institute SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Results). The researchers found a total of 623 cases of skin cancer and 537 cases of other cancers.

They also found that anti-TNF-alpha medications were associated with a slight increased risk of skin cancer. But, they did not find any increased risk for other cancers, according to the report in the September issue of Arthritis & Rheumatism.

More..

Methcathinone is a structural analogue of methamphetamine and cathinone. It is potent and it, along with the parent compound, are easily manufactured.

They are sold in the U.S. under the name CAT. It is distributed as a white to off-white chunky powdered material and is sold in the hydrochloride salt form. Outside of the U.S., methcathinone is known as ephedrone and is a significant drug of abuse in Russia and some of the Baltic States.



Methcathinone was permanently placed in Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act in October 1993. Prior to its scheduling, two federal cases were effectly prosecuted in Ann Arbor and Marquette, Michigan, utilizing the analogue provision of the Controlled Substances Analogue and Enforcment Act of 1986.